On the Eighteenth Century as a Category of Asian History by Leonard Blussé Femme S Gaastra

Author:Leonard Blussé, Femme S Gaastra [Leonard Blussé, Femme S Gaastra]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: History, General
ISBN: 9781351913720
Google: bLCoDQAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2016-12-05T16:19:41+00:00

Figure 2: Miscellaneous factory sales, 1681–1742

Figure 3: The Dutch woollen trade, 1746–1781

Figure 4: The Dutch cotton goods trade, 1746–1781

Figure 5: The Dutch silk trade, 1746–1781

Figure 6: The Dutch sugar trade, 1746–1781

Figure 7: The Dutch medicine trade, 1746–1781

Figure 8: The Dutch trade in spices, 1746–1781

Figure 9: The Dutch dyestuffs trade, 1746–1781

Figure 10: Enterprise trade and personal trade, 1722–1802

Notes

1. Ronald P. Toby, State and Diplomacy in Early Modern Japan (Princeton 1984).

2. Naohiro Asao, Sakoku (Tokyo 1975). It is well known that sakoku was not a contemporary seventeenth-century term. It originates from the translation of an appendix of Engelbert Kaempfer, Geschichte und Beschreibung von Japan. The original title of the appendix, ‘Beweiss, das im japanischen Reiche aus sehr guten Gründen den Eingeborenen der Ausgang, fremden Nazionen der Eingang, und alle Gemeinschaft dieses Landes mit übrigen Welt untersagt sey’, after mistranslation into English, and retranslation into Dutch, was translated by Shizuki Tadao, a Nagasaki interpreter, with the abbreviated title ‘Sakoku-ron’ (A Discourse on Sakoku) in 1801. The phrase ‘kuni o tozasu’, from which the term sakoku is most directly derived, comes from a phrase, ‘to keep the country closed up’, interpolated in the English translation, which does not appear in Kaempfer’s original text. Recently many articles have appeared showing that the country was kept open throughout the early modern period in Japan. But there is no consensus to replace the still widely-used term sakoku with another, less anachronistic term.

3. Nagasaki Jikki Nendairoku (The True Annals of Nagasaki). This is a manuscript preserved in Ky sh University Library. The annals were kept by the Narabayashi, one of the most influential families, who served as Dutch interpreters.

4. Zoku Nagasaki Kagami (The Mirror of Nagasaki, Continued), (Nagasaki 1985) 23.

5. Engelbert Kaempfer, The History of Japan II (3 vols), translated by J.G. Scheuchzer (Glasgow 1906) 237.

6. Yasunao Nakata and Tadashi Nakamura eds, Kiyō-gundan (Tokyo 1974) 73. Kiyō-gundan was compiled by ōoka Bizen-no-kami Kiyōsuke in 1716. He was a magistrate of Nagasaki in 1711–1717 and helped Arai Hakuseki to reform Nagasaki trade.

7. Tsūkō-Ichiran (Survey of the Foreign Relations of the Tokugawa Bakufu) VI (8 vols; Tokyo 1912) 231.

8. J.A. van der Chijs ed., Nederlandsch-Indisch Plakaatboek 1602–1811 I (17 vols; Batavia and the Hague 1888–1931) 509–512.

9. Pieter van Dam, Beschrijving van de Oostindische Compagnie, 2nd part, no.1, F.W. Stapel and C.W.Th. van Boetzelaer eds (7 vols; the Hague 1927–1954) 531–532.

10. Kaempfer, ibid. 229–230, 233.

11. Tōban-kamotsu-chō (A Ledger of Goods Imported from China and the West), (2 vols; Tokyo 1970).

12. Oliver Impey, ‘The Trade in Japanese Porcelain’ in: John Ayers, Oliver Impey and J.V.G. Maller eds, Porcelain for Palaces (London 1990) 22. Teijiro Yamawaki, “Tō-ran-sen no Imari yaki yushutsu” (Export of Imari Porcelain by the Chinese and the Dutch Ships) in: Arita Cho shi, Shōgyō hen (History of Arita, Commerce), (Arita 1988) 375.

13. Nagasaki Jikki Nendairoku.

14. Jan Feenstra Kuiper, Japan en de Buitenwereld in de Achttiende Eeuw (the Hague 1921) 163.

15. J.L. Blussé and W.G.J. Remmelink eds, The Deshima Diaries, Marginalia 1700–1740 (Tokyo 1992) 183, f. 39.

16. Mizuo Ōno, ‘Genroku makki

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